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Julian Assange
Julian Paul Assange (born 3 July 1971) is an Australian computer programmer, publisher and journalist. He is known as the editor-in-chief of the website WikiLeaks, which he co-founded in 2006 after an earlier career in hacking and programming. WikiLeaks achieved particular prominence in 2010 when it published U.S. military and diplomatic documents leaked by Chelsea Manning. Assange has been under investigation in the United States since that time. In the same year, the Swedish Director of Public Prosecution opened an investigation into four sexual offences that Assange allegedly committed.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Events concerning Julian Assange in chronological order )〕 In 2012, facing extradition to Sweden, he sought refuge at the Embassy of Ecuador in London and was granted political asylum by Ecuador.
==Early life==
Assange was born in the north Queensland city of Townsville,〔Glenda Kwek ("Magnet for trouble: how Assange went from simple island life to high-tech public enemy number one," ) ''The Sydney Morning Herald'', 8 December 2010. Retrieved 16 March 2014.〕〔("Wikileaks founder Julian Assange a born and bred Queenslander," ) ''The Courier-Mail'', 29 July 2010. Retrieved 16 March 2014.〕 to Christine Ann Assange (née Hawkins; b. 1951),〔("Family notices," ) ''The Sydney Morning Herald'', 10 March 1951. Retrieved 17 March 2014.〕 a visual artist,〔David Leigh and Luke Harding, ''WikiLeaks: Inside Julian Assange's War on Secrecy'' (London: Guardian Books, 2011; rev. edn. Guardian Books / Faber and Faber, 2013), p. 34.〕 and John Shipton, an anti-war activist and builder.〔Richard Guilliatt, ("For John Shipton, the Wikileaks Party isn't just a political cause," ) ''The Australian'', 15 June 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2014.〕 The couple had separated before Assange was born.〔
When he was a year old, his mother married Richard Brett Assange,〔Robert Manne, ("The cypherpunk revolutionary: Julian Assange," ) ''The Monthly'', March 2011. Retrieved 16 March 2014. "By the time he was addressing audiences worldwide, his 'father'—which Assange informed me is an amalgam of Brett Assange and John Shipton, created to protect their identities".〕〔Raffi Khatchadourian, ("No secrets: Julian Assange's mission for total transparency," ) ''The New Yorker'', 7 June 2010. Retrieved 16 March 2014.〕〔("The secret life of Julian Assange," ) CNN, 2 December 2010. Retrieved 16 March 2014.〕 an actor, with whom she ran "a small eccentric theatre company."〔Dominic Feain, ("WikiLeaks founder's Lismore roots," ) ''Northern Star'', 29 July 2010. Retrieved 16 March 2014.〕 They divorced around 1979, and Assange's mother then became involved with Leif Meynell, also known as Leif Hamilton, a member of the Australian New Age group The Family, with whom she had a son before the couple broke up in 1982.〔〔Guy Rundle, ("Assange bio: not a manuscript anyone would intend to publish," ) ''Crikey'', 23 September 2011. Retrieved 16 March 2014.〕〔Leigh and Harding, ''WikiLeaks'', pp. 37–38.〕 Assange had a nomadic childhood, and had lived in over thirty〔Massimo Calabresi, ("WikiLeaks' war on secrecy: truth's consequences," ). ''Time'', 2 December 2010. Retrieved 16 March 2014.〕〔Hans Ulrich Obrist, ("In conversation with Julian Assange, Part I," ) e-flux, May 2011. Retrieved 14 March 2014.〕 different Australian towns by the time he reached his mid-teens, when he settled with his mother and half-brother in Melbourne, Victoria.〔〔Andrew O'Hagan, ("Ghosting: Julian Assange," ) ''London Review of Books'', vol. 36, no. 5 (6 March 2014), pp. 5–26. Retrieved 15 March 2014.〕
He attended many schools, including Goolmangar Primary School in New South Wales (1979–1983)〔 and Townsville State High School,〔("Jeremy Geia first Australian to interview Assange," ) Gilimbaa, 24 October 2012. Retrieved 16 March 2014.〕 as well as being schooled at home.〔 He studied programming, mathematics, and physics at Central Queensland University (1994)〔Frazer Pearce, ("Assange studied at CQU," ), ''The Morning Bulletin'', 18 December 2010. Retrieved 16 March 2014.〕 and the University of Melbourne (2003–2006),〔〔("Meet the Aussie behind Wikileaks," ) Stuff, 7 August 2008. Retrieved 21 March 2014. First published in ''The Sydney Morning Herald''.〕 but did not complete a degree.〔Sarah Whyte, ("Driven to dissent—like father, like son," ) ''The Sydney Morning Herald'', 6 December 2010. Retrieved 21 March 2014.〕
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